Effects of corn drying and storage conditions on flour, starch, feed, and ethanol production: a review.

The objective was to review the effects of the drying and storage conditions of corn on the physical-chemical quality in the processing of starch and flour, in the production of animal feed, and in the industrialization of ethanol. Initially, the review presented an overview of the post-harvest stages of corn grains, highlighting drying and storage. The main drying and storage methods used for corn grains were presented. Among the drying conditions, the air temperature was the main factor that affected the properties of starch, flour, feed, and ethanol produced from corn. It was verified that the corn grains submitted to drying at temperatures below 60 °C obtained better results in the industry. In storage, in addition to the storage time, factors such as temperature and moisture content of the grains affected the physical-chemical quality of the processed products. In this stage, the moisture content below 14% and the storage temperature below 25 °C conserved the physical-chemical quality of the grains and obtained better processing results. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of the drying and storage conditions of corn on the properties of flour, starch, animal feed, and, mainly, ethanol production.

Sensor-cable-probe and sampler for early detection and prediction of dry matter loss and real-time corn grain quality in transport and storage.

Taking into account that the transport of grains can be carried out over long distances and that the mass of grains during transport often has high moisture content, there may be risks of heat and moisture transfer and heating of the grains mass, proving quanti-qualitative losses. Thus, this study aimed to validate a method with probe system for real-time monitoring of temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide in the grain mass of corn during transport and storage to detect early dry matter losses and predict possible changes on the grain physical quality. The equipment consisted of a microcontroller, system's hardware, digital sensors to detect air temperature and relative humidity, a non-destructive infrared sensor to detect CO2 concentration. Real-time monitoring system determined early and satisfactorily in an indirect way the changes in the physical quality of the grains confirming by the physical analyses of electrical conductivity and germination. The equipment in real-time monitoring and the application of Machine Learning was effective to predict dry matter loss, due to the high equilibrium moisture content and respiration of the grain mass on the 2-h period. All machine learning models, except support vector machine, obtained satisfactory results, equaling the multiple linear regression analysis.

The Effect of Nicotine Lozenge Over Teeth Bleaching During Cigarette's Addiction Treatment

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nicotine lozenge on teeth staining with/without bleaching in animal model study. A total of 15 Wistar rats were exposed in an acrylic container to 10 cigarettes smoke three times a day for 8 minutes per time, and sacrificed after 60 days. A total of 30 incisor teeth were treated (n=10) as the following: Group-1: in-office bleaching, at-home bleaching and immersion in artificial saliva; group-2: in-office bleaching, at - home bleaching and immersion in nicotine lozenge solution and in artificial saliva; group-3: immersion in nicotine lozenge solution and in artificial. The specimens of all groups were photographed using a stereomicroscope at T1) immediately after the extraction and before any treatment; T2) after one month of the treatment; and T3) after two months of the treatment. Four equidistant points of each specimen were analyzed using CMYK shade guide. The data were analyzed one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey test for multiple comparisons with (a ≤ 0.05). In group-1, there was a significant difference of the color saturation of specimens between T1 and T2, and between T1 and T3 readings (P<0.0001). In group-2, there was a significant difference of the color saturation of specimens between T1 and T2, between T2 and T3 readings (P<0.0001). In group-3, there was a significant difference of the color saturation of specimens between T1 and T2, and between T1 and T3 readings (P<0.0001). The usage of nicotine lozenge promotes teeth lighting with/without bleaching.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de comprimidos de nicotina sobre la tinción de los dientes con/sin blanqueamiento en un estudio de modelo animal. Un total de 15 ratas Wistar fueron expuestas en un recipiente acrílico al humo de 10 cigarrillos tres veces al día durante 8 minutos por vez, y sacrificadas después de 60 días. Se trataron un total de 30 dientes incisivos (n=10) de la siguiente manera: Grupo-1: blanqueamiento en consultorio, blanqueamiento en casa e inmersión en saliva artificial; grupo-2: blanqueamiento en consultorio, blanqueamiento en casa e inmersión en solución de comprimidos de nicotina y en saliva artificial; grupo-3: inmersión en solución de nicotina en comprimidos y en artificial. Los especímenes de todos los grupos fueron fotografiados utilizando un microscopio estereoscópico en T1) inmediatamente después de la extracción y antes de cualquier tratamiento; T2) después de un mes del tratamiento; y T3) a los dos meses del tratamiento. Se analizaron cuatro puntos equidistantes de cada espécimen utilizando la guía de colores CMYK. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba ANOVA unidireccional seguida de la prueba de Tukey para comparaciones múltiples con (a ≤ 0,05). En el grupo 1, hubo una diferencia significativa de la saturación de color de las muestras entre T1 y T2, y entre las lecturas T1 y T3 (P<0,0001). En el grupo 2, hubo una diferencia significativa de la saturación de color de las muestras entre T1 y T2, entre las lecturas de T2 y T3 (P<0.0001). En el grupo 3, hubo unadiferencia significativa de la saturación de color de las muestras entre T1 y T2, y entre las lecturas T1 y T3 (P<0,0001). El uso de comprimidos de nicotina promueve la iluminación de los dientes con/sin blanqueamiento.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Latino Immigrants to the USA.

The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an increasingly prevalent condition globally. Latino populations in the USA have shown an alarming increase in factors associated with MetS in recent years. The objective of the present systematic review was to determine the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors in immigrant Latinos in the USA and perform a meta-analysis of those prevalence. The review included cross-sectional, cohort, or case−control studies involving adult immigrant Latinos in the USA, published during the period 1980−2020 in any language. Studies involving individuals who were pregnant, aged <18 years, immigrant non-Latinos, published outside the 1980−2020 period, or with other design types were excluded. The Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The risk of bias was assessed using the checklists of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The review included 60 studies, and the meta-analysis encompassed 52 studies. The pooled prevalence found for hypertension, diabetes, general obesity, and abdominal obesity were 28% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 23−33%), 17% (95% CI: 14−20%), 37% (95% CI: 33−40%), and 54% (95% CI: 48−59%), respectively. The quality of the evidence of the primary studies was classified as low or very low. Few studies including immigrants from South America were identified. Further studies of those immigrants are needed due to the cultural, dietary, and language disparities among Latin American countries. The research protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF).

Impacts of COVID-19 on the oil and gas industry in Brazil.

This study aimed to analyze the progression of COVID-19 cases on oil and gas workers in Brazil. This is a descriptive research based on secondary data available in the COVID-19 Monitoring Bulletins of the Ministry of Mines and Energy and news about outbreaks on digital media. The findings show that the numerous news reports published on digital media indicate unhealthy working conditions, and workers' representatives appear as the main source of these findings. Managers' failure in health surveillance of this working class were also observed as to the frequent omission of official data and compulsory notifications on the health and safety of oil and gas workers.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a evolução dos casos de trabalhadores do setor de petróleo e gás afetados pela covid-19 no Brasil. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, realizada a partir de dados secundários disponíveis nos boletins de monitoramento da covid-19 do Ministério de Minas e Energia e das notícias sobre surtos de covid-19 em petroleiros publicadas nas mídias digitais. Concluiu-se que as inúmeras notícias publicadas pelas mídias digitais refletem condições de trabalho insalubres, e os representantes dos trabalhadores surgem como a principal fonte desses achados. Foram observadas ainda falhas na vigilância em saúde por parte dos gestores dessa classe trabalhadora no que concerne à frequente omissão de dados oficiais e às notificações compulsórias sobre a saúde e a segurança dos petroleiros.

Characterization of ultrafine zein fibers incorporated with broccoli, kale, and cauliflower extracts by electrospinning.

BACKGROUND: Broccoli, kale, and cauliflower contain phenolic compounds and glucosinolates, which have several biological effects on the body. However, because they are thermolabile, many of these substances are lost in the cooking process. Electrospinning encapsulation, using zein as a preservative wall material, can expand the applications of the compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this research was to characterize broccoli, kale, and cauliflower extracts and encapsulate them with the electrospinning technique using zein. RESULTS: Broccoli, kale, and cauliflower extracts contain five phenolic compounds and three glucosinolates. Fibers from broccoli, kale, and cauliflower showed high encapsulation efficiency, good thermal stability, and nanometric size, especially those containing extract and zein in proportions of up to 35:65. CONCLUSION: Fibers from broccoli, kale, and cauliflower containing extract and zein in proportions of up to 35:65 have the potential for effective nutraceutical application for the control of non-communicable chronic diseases or application in food packaging. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

The new psychoactive substances 25H-NBOMe and 25H-NBOH induce abnormal development in the zebrafish embryo and interact in the DNA major groove.

Toxicological effects of 25H-NBOMe and 25H-NBOH recreational drugs on zebrafish embryos and larvae at the end of 96 h exposure period were demonstrated. 25H-NBOH and 25H-NBOMe caused high embryo mortality at 80 and 100 µg mL-1, respectively. According to the decrease in the concentration tested, lethality decreased while non-lethal effects were predominant up to 10 and 50 µg mL-1 of 25H-NBOH and 25H-NBOMe, respectively, including spine malformation, egg hatching delay, body malformation, otolith malformation, pericardial edema, and blood clotting. We can disclose that these drugs have an affinity for DNA in vitro using biophysical spectroscopic assays and molecular modeling methods. The experiments demonstrated that 25H-NBOH and 25H-NBOMe bind to the unclassical major groove of ctDNA with a binding constant of 27.00 × 104 M-1 and 5.27 × 104 M-1, respectively. Furthermore, these interactions lead to conformational changes in the DNA structure. Therefore, the results observed in the zebrafish embryos and DNA may be correlated.

Mathematical modeling and multivariate analysis applied earliest soybean harvest associated drying and storage conditions and influences on physicochemical grain quality.

Anticipating the harvest period of soybean crops can impact on the post-harvest processes. This study aimed to evaluate early soybean harvest associated drying and storage conditions on the physicochemical soybean quality using of mathematical modeling and multivariate analysis. The soybeans were harvested with a moisture content of 18 and 23% (d.b.) and subjected to drying in a continuous dryer at 80, 100, and 120 °C. The drying kinetics and volumetric shrinkage modeling were evaluated. Posteriorly, the soybean was stored at different packages and temperatures for 8 months to evaluate the physicochemical properties. After standardizing the variables, the data were submitted to cluster analysis. For this, we use Euclidean distance and Ward's hierarchical method. Then defining the groups, we constructed a graph containing the dispersion of the values of the variables and their respective Pearson correlations for each group. The mathematical models proved suitable to describe the drying kinetics. Besides, the effective diffusivity obtained was 4.9 × 10-10 m2 s-1 promoting a volumetric shrinkage of the grains and influencing the reduction of physicochemical quality. It was observed that soybean harvested at 23% moisture, dried at 80 °C, and stored at a temperature below 23 °C maintained its oil content (25.89%), crude protein (35.69%), and lipid acidity (5.54 mL). In addition, it is to note that these correlations' magnitude was substantially more remarkable for the treatments allocated to the G2 group. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity was negatively correlated with all the physicochemical variables evaluated. Besides this, the correlation between crude protein and oil yield was positive and of high magnitude, regardless of the group formed. In conclusion, the early harvest of soybeans reduced losses in the field and increased the grain flow on the storage units. The low-temperature drying and the use of packaging technology close to environmental temperatures conserved the grain quality.

O Programa Primeiro Emprego na pandemia: desafios da Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Jorge Novis / The Programa Primeiro Emprego in pandemia: challenges of the Public Health School Professor Jorge Novis / El Programa Primeiro Emprego en la pandemia: desafíos de la Escuela de Salud Pública de Bahia Profesor Jorge Novis

O Programa Primeiro Emprego (PPE) é responsável, atualmente, pela contratação formal de cerca de 1.200 jovens pela Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (Sesab), que atuam em mais de 80 unidades de saúde, distribuídas em 35 municípios. Entretanto, o cenário de emergência em saúde pública gerado pelo novo coronavírus trouxe a necessidade de avaliação e adequação das ações da Coordenação de Integração da Educação e do Trabalho (CIET), na Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Jorge Novis (ESPBA), que assume o papel de ordenar as vagas de estágio e da contratação formal pelo PPE na Sesab. Assim, foi necessário promover uma reflexão sobre a nova realidade posta, para traçar estratégias de enfrentamento e suporte. A experiência foi revisitada por meio de consulta documental às fontes de informação do PPE, instituído em 2015, até o ano de 2020. Os desafios enfrentados pelo programa nesse período foram: escassez de recursos humanos no quadro da Sesab; incompatibilidade entre a oferta de egressos formados e a demanda dos serviços de saúde; paralisação do estágio de nível médio técnico; e necessidade de qualificação dos profissionais na pandemia. Dessa forma, avalia-se que o PPE se destacou durante a pandemia não apenas como programa social, mas também como apoio importante de recursos humanos para o setor de saúde, garantindo postos de trabalho temporários capazes de dotar esses indivíduos de capacidade técnica dentro da área da sua formação, atendendo ao escopo das atividades do serviço público.

The Programa Primeiro Emprego (PPE) is currently responsible for the formal hiring of about 1,200 young people at the Health Department of the State of Bahia (SESAB). These opportunities are settled in more than 80 health units and distributed in 35 municipalities. However, the public health emergency scenario generated by the new coronavirus brought the need to evaluate and adapt the actions of the Coordenação de Integração da Educação e do Trabalho (CIET), at the School of Public Health, which assumes the role of ordering vacancies of internships and formal contracting of PPE at SESAB. Thus, it was necessary to promote a reflection on the new reality to outline coping and support strategies. The experience was revisited through documentary consultation of information sources of the PPE instituted from 2015 to 2020. The challenges faced by the Program in this period were lack of human resources in SESAB framework, incompatibility between the offer of undergraduate students and the demand for health services, the interruption of the internship of Junior College degree, and a requirement for qualification of professionals in the pandemic. During the pandemic, the Program stood out not only as a social program, but also as an important support of human resources for the health sector. Besides, guaranteeing temporary jobs capable of providing these individuals with technical capacity within the area of their training, attending the scope of public service activities.

El Programa Primeiro Emprego (PPE) se encarga actualmente de la contratación formal de cerca de 1.200 jóvenes en la Secretaría de la Salud del Estado de Bahía (Sesab) para trabajar en más de 80 unidades de salud, distribuidas en 35 municipios. Sin embargo, el contexto de emergencia de salud pública generado por el nuevo coronavirus conllevó la necesidad de evaluar y adecuar las acciones de la Coordinación de Integración de la Educación y del Trabajo (CIET), en la Escuela de Salud Pública de Bahia Profesor Jorge Novis (ESPBA), quien asume el rol de ordenar las vacantes de pasantías y de contratación formal del PPE en la Sesab. Esto llevó a la reflexión sobre la nueva realidad para diseñar estrategias de afrontamiento y apoyo. La experiencia fue revisada mediante consulta documental de las fuentes de información del PPE, creado en el 2015, hasta el año 2020. Los desafíos que enfrentó el Programa en este período fueron: escasez de recursos humanos en el plantel de la Sesab; incompatibilidad entre la oferta de egresados capacitados y la demanda por servicios de salud; suspensión de la pasantía de nivel técnico; y la necesidad de capacitación de los profesionales en la pandemia. El Programa se destacó durante la pandemia no solo como un programa social, sino también como un importante sostén de recursos humanos para el sector de la salud, garantizando puestos de trabajo temporales capaces de proveerles a estos individuos capacidad técnica dentro del ámbito de su formación y facilitando la ejecución de las actividades del servicio público.

Percepção de crianças sobre a prática odontológica / Children's perception of dental practice

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção de crianças sobre a prática odontológica por meio de desenhos à mão livre e de um questionário sobre a sua experiência odontológica prévia. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, com análise de dados quantitativa e descritiva, realizado com 266 crianças de 7 a 12 anos de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Piancó (PB) e seus responsáveis. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial (Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado de Pearson) operados pelo programa SPSS v. 20.0., adotando nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se que 69,2% das crianças já tinham ido ao dentista e 65,0% tinha recebido trata mento preventivo. A impressão positiva do cirurgião-dentista foi expressa por 63,2% das crianças, que ainda o classificaram como uma pessoa amistosa (92,3%). Das crianças avaliadas, 89,1% receberam orientações sobre os procedimentos odontológicos realizados anteriormente, das quais, 86,9% compreenderam as orientações prévias ao tratamento. Houve associação entre ser de escola pública e possuir renda familiar igual ou inferior a um salário mínimo (p<0,001), bem como entre a impressão geral do desenho e o entendimento das explicações prévias ao tratamento (p=0,046). Conclui-se neste estudo que a imagem do profissional está intimamente relacionada com a comunicação que ele desenvolve com o paciente, havendo necessidade de qualificação continuada ao profissional que atenda ao público infantil... (AU)

The aims were to get to know the children's perception of dental practice through freehand drawings and a questionnaire about their previous dental experience. This is a cross-sectional observational study, with quantitative and descriptive data analysis, carried out with 266 children aged 7 to 12 years from public and private schools in the city of Piancó (PB) and their parents. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Fisher's Exact and Pearson's Chi-square) operated by the SPSS v. 20.0., Adopting a significance level of 5%. It was observed that 69.2% of the children had already gone to the dentist and 65.0% had received preventive treatment. The positive impression of the dentist was expressed by 63.2% of the children, who still classified him as a friendly person (92.3%). Of the children evaluated, 89.1% received guidance on the dental procedures performed previously, of which, 86.9% understood the guidelines prior to treatment. There was an association between being from a public school and having a family income equal to or less than a minimum wage (p <0.001), as well as between the general impression of the draw ing and the understanding of the explanations prior to treatment (p = 0.046). It is concluded in the study that the image of the professional is closely related to the communication that he develops with the pa tient, with the need for continued qualification to the professional that serves the child audience... (AU)

Formaldehyde exposure and atmospheric biomonitoring with lichen Cladonia verticillaris in an anatomy laboratory.

Formaldehyde is one of the most toxic contaminants of indoor environments and very common in the anatomy laboratory. In this work, we investigated the level of formaldehyde exposure to staff and students who attended an anatomy lab and in nearby environments in the same university building. We also performed atmospheric biomonitoring of the sites with the lichen Cladonia verticillaris. Quantification samplings were performed over four weeks, on 7 days with and 7 days without practical classes, totaling 70 samples. The samples were collected in five different locations, three points inside the laboratory and two points outside the laboratory, representing nearby and susceptible environments to contamination. The results showed CHOH concentrations from 0.20-3.76 ppmv for days with practical courses and 0.17-3.06 ppmv for days without practical classes. Although the laboratory was more contaminated than the surrounding environments, the concentration of formaldehyde in these areas is not negligible, showing a dispersion of formaldehyde from the laboratory. Potential dose (PD) and cancer risk (CR) were calculated for an individual exposed to the same levels analyzed for 8 h daily and 30 years of work. The study on C. verticillaris lasted 90 days and evaluated the variation of chlorophyll and pheophytin (photosynthetic pigments). The results showed a significant difference in the production of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll when compared to control, and there was also a progressive increase of the total pheophytin/total chlorophyll ratio. The results also showed the correlation between the increase in chlorophylls and the studied environments with less ventilation since these places provided greater accumulation of formaldehyde in the long run. Thus, measurable evidence was obtained of biological disorders in a living organism caused by exposure to formaldehyde.

The approach to the environmental issues in postgraduate nursing in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the insertion of environmental issues in the postgraduate stricto sensu in nursing in Brazil. METHODS: quali-quantitative research, of exploratory approach, with documental research in the Sucupira Platform and in sites of the 112 courses stricto sensu in Nursing in Brazil, in 2018. We analyzed the curricular matrixes; course menus; teaching profile; dissertations and thesis (2004-2016); and bibliographic productions of the four-year evaluation 2013-2016. The analysis of quantitative data was performed by statistical methods; and qualitative data, by the Content Analysis Technique, outlined by Bardin. RESULTS: the results demonstrate incipiency in the treatment of environmental issues. Regarding the theme, we highlight those that refer to socio-historical-cultural aspects in relation to the more direct environmental approach and facilitator of environmental conservation and consequent promotion of health. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The analysis allows identifying the fragility of the environmental approach in the analyzed programs, being necessary to improve the cross-sectionality of environmental issues.

Gluten-free green banana flour muffins: chemical, physical, antioxidant, digestibility and sensory analysis.

Considering the low availability of gluten-free products that are offered an affordable price and good sensory characteristics, the main objective of the study was developed a gluten-free muffin based on green banana flour and evaluate their physical-chemical and sensorial aspects. The quality of the muffin was analyzed through such moisture content, ashes, proteins, lipids, fiber, carbohydrates, total caloric content, yield mass, weight loss in the supply, antioxidant activity, protein digestibility, and hedonic scale. The results showed that the gluten-free muffin had a moisture content of 26.7%, ash of 2.39%, lipids of 15.4%, proteins of 10.3%, fibers of 1.2%, carbohydrates of 44.0%, the total caloric value of 261.2 kcal, high protein digestibility and moderate antioxidant activity. The acceptability index was 84.5%. It has been concluded that gluten-free muffin with green banana flour is a viable alternative for the reason that they have higher protein content than other alternative flours.

The approach to the environmental issues in postgraduate nursing in Brazil / El enfoque de los problemas ambientales en la enfermería de posgrado en Brasil / A abordagem das questões ambientais na pósgraduação em enfermagem no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the insertion of environmental issues in the postgraduate stricto sensu in nursing in Brazil. Methods: quali-quantitative research, of exploratory approach, with documental research in the Sucupira Platform and in sites of the 112 courses stricto sensu in Nursing in Brazil, in 2018. We analyzed the curricular matrixes; course menus; teaching profile; dissertations and thesis (2004-2016); and bibliographic productions of the four-year evaluation 2013-2016. The analysis of quantitative data was performed by statistical methods; and qualitative data, by the Content Analysis Technique, outlined by Bardin. Results: the results demonstrate incipiency in the treatment of environmental issues. Regarding the theme, we highlight those that refer to socio-historical-cultural aspects in relation to the more direct environmental approach and facilitator of environmental conservation and consequent promotion of health. Final Considerations: The analysis allows identifying the fragility of the environmental approach in the analyzed programs, being necessary to improve the cross-sectionality of environmental issues.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar inserción de temática ambiental en posgrado stricto sensu en enfermería en Brasil. Métodos: investigación cuali-cuantitativa, abordaje exploratorio, investigación documental en Plataforma Sucupira y en sitios de 112 cursos stricto sensu en Enfermería en Brasil, en 2018. Analizadas matrices curriculares; sumarios de los cursos; perfil docente; tesis (2004-2016); y producciones bibliográficas de la evaluación cuatrienal 2013-2016. El análisis de los datos cuantitativos realizados por métodos estadísticos; y los datos cualitativos, por Técnica de Análisis de Contenido, delineada por Bardin. Resultados: resultados muestran el inicio del tratamiento de cuestiones ambientales. Acerca de la temática, se destacan las que se refieren a los aspectos socio-histórico-culturales en relación a las temáticas de abordaje ambiental más directa y facilitadora de la conservación ambiental y consecuente promoción a la salud. Consideraciones Finales: el análisis permite identificar la fragilidad del abordaje ambiental en los programas analizados, siendo necesario perfeccionar la transversalidad de cuestiones ambientales.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a inserção da temática ambiental na pós-graduação stricto sensu em enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: pesquisa qualiquantitativa, de abordagem exploratória, com pesquisa documental na Plataforma Sucupira e em sites dos 112 cursos stricto sensu em Enfermagem no Brasil, em 2018. Foram analisadas as matrizes curriculares; ementas dos cursos; perfil docente; dissertações e teses (2004-2016); e produções bibliográficas da avaliação quadrienal 2013-2016. A análise dos dados quantitativos foi realizada por métodos estatísticos; e os dados qualitativos, pela Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, delineada por Bardin. Resultados: os resultados demonstram a incipiência no tratamento das questões ambientais. Acerca da temática, destacam-se as que se referem aos aspectos sócio-histórico-culturais em relação às temáticas de abordagem ambiental mais direta e facilitadora da conservação ambiental e consequente promoção da saúde. Considerações Finais: a análise permite identificar a fragilidade da abordagem ambiental nos programas analisados, sendo necessário aprimorar a transversalidade das questões ambientais.

Seed morphobiometry, morphology of germination and emergence of quinoa seeds 'BRS Piabiru'.

Quinoa, classified as a pseudocereal, presents greater nutritional value compared to traditional cereals. Considering the potential for cultivation presented by the species and the benefits of studying plant morphology and morphobiometry, this paper describes seed and seedling morphobiometric characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivar BRS Piabiru during germination and emergence. To evaluate seed morphobiometry the 1000-seeds weight, moisture content, seed morphological characterization and the tetrazolium test were performed. The morphological characterization of germination and seedling emergence were performed by periodic observations during the development, allowing the description using pictures and drawings. Quinoa seeds cv. BRS Piabiru present an average diameter of 2.05 mm and 1.07 width. 1000-seeds weight of 2.68 g and moisture content of 11%. Externally, quinoa seeds present the pericarp as testa, the hilum and the raphe and, internally, the embryonic axis (cotyledons, radicle and hypocotyl-radicle), perisperm and endosperm. The germination is characterized as epigeal, phanerocotylar type, with radicle protrusion at 3 hours after sowing and complete formed seedlings at 24 hours after sowing. Emergence occurs at 9 days after sowing and plants are completely formed at 12 days after sowing.

Technical benefit on apple fruit of controlled atmosphere influenced by 1-MCP at molecular levels.

The apple is a highly perishable fruit after harvesting and, therefore, several storage technologies have been studied to provide the consumer market with a quality product with a longer shelf life. However, little is known about the apple genome that is submitted to the storage, and even less with the application of ripening inhibitors. Due to these factors, this study sought to elucidate the transcriptional profile of apple cultivate Gala stored in a controlled atmosphere (AC) treated and not treated with 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP). Through the genetic mapping of the apple, applying the microarray technique, it was possible to verify the action of treatments on transcripts related to photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, response to hormonal stimuli, nucleic acid metabolism, reduction of oxidation, regulation of transcription and metabolism of cell wall and lipids. The results showed that the transcriptional profile in the entire genome of the fruit showed significant differences in the relative expression of the gene, this in response to CA in the presence and absence of 1-MCP. It should be noted that the transcription genes involved in the anabolic pathway were only maintained after six months in fruits treated with 1-MCP. The data in this work suggests that the apple in the absence of 1-MCP begins to prepare its metabolism to mature, even during the storage period in AC. Meanwhile, in the presence of the inhibitor, the transcriptional profile of the fruit is similar to that at the time of harvest. It was also found that a set of genes that code for ethylene receptors, auxin homeostasis, MADS Box, and NAC transcription factors may be involved in the regulation of post-harvest ripening after storage and in the absence of 1-MCP.

Antimicrobial potential of spray drying encapsulated thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil on the conservation of hamburger-like meat products.

Synthetic preservatives can have harmful effects on the body, so plant essential oils appear to be an attractive natural alternative. However, the use of essential oils is limited due to the low stability and possible negative effects on the sensory properties of food. Oil encapsulation was suggested as a way to overcome these drawbacks. The objective of this study was to encapsulate thyme essential oil and to evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential in vitro and in situ in of hamburger-like meat products. The casein-maltodextrin capsules produced by spray-drying were assessed for encapsulation efficiency, thermal stability, chemical compounds and morphology. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, hydroxyl and nitric oxide methods, while antimicrobial activity was evaluated in vitro against four bacteria and in situ in hamburger-like products. The capsule showed high encapsulation efficiency and thermal stability, and spherical and irregular morphology. The casein-maltodextrin encapsulated essential oil showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium tested in vitro and against thermotolerants coliforms and Escherichia coli in situ, showing potential for application as a natural preservative in food.

Uma prática corporal que chegou para ficar as primeiras maratonas no Brasil / A body practice that has arrived to stay: the first marathones in Brazil

As corridas de rua passaram por uma série de reformulações até chegarem ao modo como são desenvolvidas nos dias de hoje. Diante disso, tem-se como objetivo refletir sobre o desenvolvimento das primeiras maratonas no Brasil.Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico e documental. Nesse conjunto, adotaram-se como fontes jornais, revistas e um conjunto de referenciais teóricos que fundamentam a discussão desejada.

The running have gone through a series of reformulations until they reach the way they are developed today. In view of this, we aim to reflect on the development of the first marathons in Brazil. For that, a qualitative research of bibliographical and documentary character was carried out. In this set, newspapers, journals and a set of theoretical references were used as sources for the desired discussion.

Kisspeptin Influence on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-a Mini Review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6% to 20% of reproductive age women and is the most frequent cause of anovulatory infertility. Its physiopathology may result in part from hypothalamic alterations in the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The neuropeptide kisspeptin participates in the mechanism through stimulation of the hormone's production. The purpose of this study was to review the articles which compared kisspeptin levels in women with PCOS with those of controls. A systematic review of observational studies was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendations. The selected studies encompassed a population of patients with PCOS and controls, whose serum kisspeptin levels were evaluated. The studies were retrieved from the Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases, and four of them were chosen for the review. In most studies, the serum kisspeptin levels were higher in women with PCOS than in controls notwithstanding the BMI. One of the articles showed that circulating plasma levels of kisspeptin were significantly higher in women with PCOS whose BMI was lower than 25 than in obese and overweight women. Our data suggest a higher concentration of serum kisspeptin in women with PCOS irrespective of their BMI. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to ascertain the role of kisspeptin in PCOS.

Melatonin effects on ovarian follicular cells: a systematic review.

Melatonin is known for its effects on both the sleep and reproductive system of mammals. The latter has melatonin receptors type 1 and 2, which act to regulate, among other things, cyclic AMP. Notwithstanding all the literature data, there is still no sound knowledge or a clear understanding of the hormone's action on the physiology of ovarian follicular cells. OBJECTIVE To review and evaluate studies about melatonin action on the ovarian granulosa/theca interna cells from the literature. METHODS The systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA recommendations. The MEDLINE and Cochrane primary databases were consulted with the use of specific terms. There was no limitation on language or publication year. RESULTS Seven papers about melatonin action on granulosa cells were selected. The following can be attributed to the hormone's effects: a) progesterone increase in culture medium; b) increased estrogen production; c) antagonistic action on estrogen; d) improvement in cell quality resulting in improved embryo and higher pregnancy rates; e) improved cell proliferation via MAPK; f) reduction of free radicals. Nevertheless, there are contrarian papers reporting a reduction in progesterone production. Melatonin interferes in sex steroid production, boosting progesterone output. Such action may help improve oocyte quality.